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1. Which two are common outputs after a penetration test? (Choose two.)

Security awareness training

Incident response activation

Vulnerability report

Remediation recommendations

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2. Which type of scan sends SYN packets without completing TCP handshakes?

Full connect scan

SYN scan (half-open)

FIN scan

Xmas scan

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3. Which two activities are part of the post-exploitation phase? (Choose two.)

Initial scanning

Installing backdoors

Elevating privileges

Gathering publicly available data

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4. What type of reconnaissance is phishing considered?

Passive

Active

Covert

Direct

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5. Which two tools are commonly used during the exploitation phase? (Choose two.)

Metasploit

Nessus

John the Ripper

Nikto

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6. Which of the following best describes reconnaissance in penetration testing?

Exploiting system vulnerabilities

Gathering information about the target

Installing malware on target devices

Covering attack traces

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7. Which two indicators can suggest an outdated and vulnerable service? (Choose two.)

Presence of SSL certificates

Server banner showing old version

Missing service documentation

Banner indicating unsupported software

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8. What is the primary purpose of vulnerability scanning?

Cracking passwords

Detecting existing weaknesses

Sniffing network traffic

Encrypting communications

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9. Which scanning technique is most likely to detect vulnerabilities without engaging services heavily?

Full connect scan

SYN scan

Banner grabbing

Passive fingerprinting

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10. Which protocol is targeted during ARP spoofing attacks?

TCP

DNS

ARP

HTTP

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11. Penetration testing should ideally be conducted:

Only after a breach

On a regular schedule

Only during system downtime

Without alerting system administrators

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12. Which two scanning types are classified under active scanning? (Choose two.)

DNS lookup

Port scanning

Vulnerability scanning

Whois query

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13. What distinguishes a Black Hat hacker from a Gray Hat hacker?

Gray Hats inform organizations after exploitation

Black Hats operate with permission

Gray Hats exploit vulnerabilities for financial gain

Black Hats only find vulnerabilities without exploiting

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14. Which scanning technique aims to find services without establishing full TCP connections?

SYN scanning

Connect scanning

Xmas scanning

UDP scanning

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15. Which two pieces of information are typically collected during footprinting? (Choose two.)

Employee salaries

IP address ranges

Domain name information

Encrypted traffic contents

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16. Gray Hat hackers operate:

Completely legally and with authorization

Without any regard for laws or ethics

Without permission but without malicious intent

Exclusively for personal revenge

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17. Which technique is used to gather internal email addresses through social engineering?

Phishing

Port knocking

Web scraping

DNS poisoning

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18. Which scanning technique uses only UDP packets?

SYN scan

Xmas scan

FIN scan

UDP scan

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19. What method is commonly used in social engineering attacks?

Brute forcing passwords

Sending phishing emails

Running network scans

Exploiting DNS vulnerabilities

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20. Which tool is best used for capturing and analyzing network traffic?

Metasploit

OpenVAS

Wireshark

Nikto

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21. What does the "rules of engagement" document define?

Attack techniques

Legal consequences

Scope, time, and methods of testing

Payment structure

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22. Identifying services like FTP and SSH during footprinting is important because:

They increase website SEO

They indicate critical remote access points

They automatically prevent attacks

They mask the server IP

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23. Which of the following is a standard penetration testing methodology?

OSCP

OWASP Testing Guide

GDPR

HIPAA

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24. A penetration tester discovers an SNMP agent running on UDP port 161.

What should they attempt next?

Exploit web applications

Perform SNMP enumeration

Conduct DNS tunneling

Launch ARP spoofing

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25. Which two reconnaissance techniques target DNS servers directly? (Choose two.)

Zone transfer

Whois lookup

Subdomain enumeration

Port scanning

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26. In penetration testing, the phase where vulnerabilities are actively exploited is known as:

Scanning

Post-exploitation

Reporting

Gaining Access

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27. DNS interrogation can reveal which of the following?

Open ports

Names and IP addresses of mail servers

Encrypted passwords

Database configurations

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28. Which two are common outcomes of an effective penetration test? (Choose two.)

Strengthened security posture

Intentional data breaches

Comprehensive vulnerability report

Increased malware infections

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29. Which of the following best defines social engineering during reconnaissance?

Guessing passwords manually

Manipulating people to gain confidential information

Exploiting software vulnerabilities

Physically damaging hardware

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30. Which law makes unauthorized access to computers illegal in the United States?

GDPR

CFAA (Computer Fraud and Abuse Act)

DMCA

HIPAA

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31. Which two protocols are often targeted during SMB enumeration? (Choose two.)

SMTP

CIFS

NetBIOS

HTTP

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32. When gathering network infrastructure details, which two sources are most useful? (Choose two.)

ARIN database lookups

Wi-Fi handshake captures

Shodan searches

VPN endpoint logs

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33. Which of the following is an example of passive scanning?

Banner grabbing

SYN scan

Packet sniffing

UDP scanning

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34. Which tool can be used to identify web server technologies?

Netcraft

Hydra

Nikto

OpenVAS

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35. Which tool can perform SMB enumeration efficiently?

Enum4linux

OpenVAS

Hydra

Netcat

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36. Which tool is commonly used to find exposed systems on the Internet?

Shodan

Nikto

theHarvester

Burp Suite

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