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2. Which of the following is not true of Terraform providers?

3. Refer below code where pessimistic constraint operator has been used to specify a version of a provider.

terraform { required_providers { aws = "~> 1.1.0" }}

Which of the following options are valid provider versions that satisfy the above constraint? (select two)

4. The terraform init command is always safe to run multiple times, to bring the working directory up to date with changes in the configuration. Though subsequent runs may give errors, this command will never delete your existing configuration or state.

5. Which of the following type of variable allows multiple values of several distinct types to be grouped together as a single value?

6. If a module uses a local variable, you can expose that value with a terraform output.

7. resource "aws_s3_bucket" "example" { bucket = "my-test-s3-terraform-bucket" ...} resource "aws_iam_role" "test_role" { name = "test_role" ...}

Due to the way that the application code is written, the s3 bucket must be created before the test role is created, otherwise there will be a problem .

How can you ensure that?

8. You have multiple developers working on a terraform project (using terraform OSS), and have saved the terraform state in a remote S3 bucket. However, team is intermittently experiencing inconsistencies in the provisioned infrastructure / failure in the code. You have traced this problem to simultaneous/concurrent runs of terraform apply command for 2/more developers.

What can you do to fix this problem?

9. While using generic git repository as a module source, which of the below options allows terraform to select a specific version or tag instead of selecting the HEAD.

10. Anyone can publish and share modules on the Terraform Public Module Registry, and meeting the requirements for publishing a module is extremely easy.

Select from the following list all valid requirements. (select three)

11. The Terraform language does not support user-defined functions, and so only the functions built in to the language are available for use.

12. Which of the following best describes a Terraform provider?

13. During a terraform apply, a resource is successfully created but eventually fails during provisioning .

What happens to the resource?

14. The current implementation of Terraform import can only import resources into the state. It does not generate configuration.

15. What command should you run to display all workspaces for the current configuration?

16. Which Terraform command will check and report errors within modules, attribute names, and value types to make sure they are syntactically valid and internally consistent?

17. By default, where does Terraform store its state file?

18. Which of the below are paid features of Terraform Cloud?

19. What value does the Terraform Cloud/Terraform Enterprise private module registry provide over the public Terraform Module Registry?

20. Every region in AWS has a different AMI ID for Linux and these are keep on changing .

What is the best approach to create the EC2 instances that can deal with different AMI IDs based on regions?

21. }

How would you define the cidr_block for us-east-1 in the aws_vpc resource using a variable?

22. Which one of the following will run echo 0 and echo 1 on a newly created host?

23. In Terraform 0.13 and above, outside of the required_providers block, Terraform configurations always refer to providers by their local names.

24. Select two answers to complete the following sentence: Before a new provider can be used, it must be ______ and _______.

25. A user runs terraform init on their RHEL based server and per the output, two provider plugins are downloaded: $ terraform init

Initializing the backend...

Initializing provider plugins...

- Checking for available provider plugins...

- Downloading plugin for provider "aws" (hashicorp/aws) 2.44.0...

- Downloading plugin for provider "random" (hashicorp/random) 2.2.1...:

Terraform has been successfully initialized!

Where are these plugins downloaded to?

26. Which of the following are string functions? Select three

27. A Terraform provisioner must be nested inside a resource configuration block.

28. True or False? By default, Terraform destroy will prompt for confirmation before proceeding.

29. You have created a custom variable definition file my_vars.tfvars .

How will you use it for provisioning infrastructure?

30. }

31. The following is a snippet from a Terraform configuration file:

Which, when validated, results in the following error:

Fill in the blank in the error message with the correct string from the list below.

32. Matt wants to import a manually created EC2 instance into terraform so that he can manage the EC2 instance through terraform going forward. He has written the configuration file of the EC2 instance before importing it to Terraform.

Following is the code:

resource "aws_instance" "matt_ec2" { ami = "ami-bg2640de" instance_type = "t2.micro" vpc_security_group_ids = ["sg-6ae7d613", "sg-53370035"] key_name = "mysecret" subnet_id = "subnet-9e3cfbc5" }

The instance id of that EC2 instance is i-0260835eb7e9bd40 How he can import data of EC2 to state file?

33. When should you use the force-unlock command?

34. Why would you use the terraform taint command?

35. When TF_LOG_PATH is set, TF_LOG must be set in order for any logging to be enabled.

36. When using parent/child modules to deploy infrastructure, how would you export a value from one module to import into another module.

For example, a module dynamically deploys an application instance or virtual machine, and you need the IP address in another module to configure a related DNS record in order to reach the newly deployed application.

37. Multiple provider instances blocks for AWS can be part of a single configuration file?

38. You have used Terraform to create an ephemeral development environment in the cloud and are now ready to destroy all the infrastructure described by your Terraform configuration. To be safe, you would like to first see all the infrastructure that will be deleted by Terraform.

Which command should you use to show all of the resources that will be deleted? (Choose two.)

39. Given the below resource configuration -

resource "aws_instance" "web" { # ... count = 4 }

What does the terraform resource address aws_instance.web refer to?

40. True or False. The terraform refresh command is used to reconcile the state Terraform knows about (via its state file) with the real-world infrastructure. If drift is detected between the real-world infrastructure and the last known-state, it will modify the infrastructure to correct the drift.

41. Once a resource is marked as tainted, the next plan will show that the resource will be _________ and ___________ and the next apply will implement this change.

42. What is the result of the following terraform function call?

43. }

44. Where does the Terraform local backend store its state?

45. Provisioners should only be used as a last resort.

46. If you enable TF_LOG = DEBUG, the log will be stored in syslog.log file in the currect directory.

47. CORRECT TEXT

FILL BLANK

You need to specify a dependency manually.

What resource meta-parameter can you use to make sure Terraform respects the dependency?

Type your answer in the field provided. The text field is not case-sensitive and all variations of the correct answer are accepted.

48. You are reviewing Terraform configurations for a big project in your company. You noticed that there are several identical sets of resources that appear in multiple configurations .

What feature of Terraform would you recommend to use to reduce the amount of cloned configuration between the different configurations?

49. Which provisioner invokes a process on the resource created by Terraform?

50. You have created a custom variable definition file testing.tfvars .

How will you use it for provisioning infrastructure?

51. When Terraform needs to be installed in a location where it does not have internet access to download the installer and upgrades, the installation is generally known as to be __________.

52. Which of the following variable definition files will terraform load automatically?

53. You have been given requirements to create a security group for a new application. Since your organization standardizes on Terraform, you want to add this new security group with the fewest number of lines of code .

What feature could you use to iterate over a list of required tcp ports to add to the new security group?

54. Terraform will sync all resources in state by default for every plan and apply, hence for larger infrastructures this can slow down terraform plan and terraform apply commands?

55. You have already set TF_LOG = DEBUG to enable debug log. Now you want to always write the log to the directory you're currently running terraform from.

What should you do to achieve this?

56. How is the Terraform remote backend different than other state backends such as S3, Consul, etc.?

57. HashiCorp offers multiple versions of Terraform, including Terraform open-source, Terraform Cloud, and Terraform Enterprise .

Which of the following Terraform features are only available in the Enterprise edition? (select four)

58. What does terraform refresh command do?

59. Workspaces in Terraform provides similar functionality in the open-source, Terraform Cloud, and Enterprise versions of Terraform.

60. terraform init initializes a sample main.tf file in the current directory.

61. In regards to Terraform state file, select all the statements below which are correct?

62. In terraform, most resource dependencies are handled automatically .

Which of the following statements describes best how terraform resource dependencies are handled?

63. What features does the hosted service Terraform Cloud provide? (Choose two.)

64. The canonical format may change in minor ways between Terraform versions, so after upgrading Terraform it is recommended to proactively run.

65. You have created an AWS EC2 instance of type t2.micro through your terraform configuration file ec2.tf. Now you want to change the instance type from t2.micro to t2.medium. Accordingly

you have changed your configuration file and and ran terraform plan. After running terraform plan you check the output and saw one instance will be updated from t2.micro --> t2.medium. After this you went to grab a coffee without running terraform apply and meanwhile a member of your team changed the instance type of that EC2 instance to t2.medium from aws console. After coming to your desk you run terraform apply .

What will happen?

66. Your team uses terraform OSS. You have created a number of resuable modules for important, independent network components that you want to share with your team to enhance consistency.

What is the correct option/way to do that?

67. Which of the following clouds does not have a provider maintained HashiCorp?

68. Which of the following is not a key principle of infrastructure as code?

69. Which of the following is an invalid variable name?

70. Which of the following actions are performed during a terraform init?

71. You have a Terraform configuration file where a variable itemNum is defined as follows:

variable "itemNum" { default = 3}

You also have a defined the following environment variables in your shell: TF_itemNum =6, TF_VAR_itemNum =9. You also have a terraform.tfvars file with the following contents itemNum = 7

When you run the following apply command, what is the value assigned to the itemNum variable? terraform apply -var itemNum =4

72. You have created a terraform script that uses a lot of new constructs that have been introduced in terraform v0.12. However, many developers who are cloning the script from your git repo, are using v0.11, and getting errors .

What can be done from your end to solve this problem?

73. A single terraform resource file that defines an aws_instance resource can simple be renamed to azurerm_virtual_machine in order to switch cloud providers

74. What is one disadvantage of using dynamic blocks in Terraform?

75. Your company has a lot of workloads in AWS, and Azure that were respectively created using CloudFormation, and AzureRM Templates. However, now your CIO has decided to use Terraform for all new projects, and has asked you to check how to integrate the existing environment with terraform code .

What should be your next plan of action?

76. Your team has started using terraform OSS in a big way, and now wants to deploy multi region deployments (DR) in aws using the same terraform files. You want to deploy the same infra (VPC, EC2 …) in both us-east-1, and us-west-2 using the same script, and then peer the VPCs across both the regions to enable DR traffic. But, when you run your script, all resources are getting created in only the default provider region .

What should you do? Your provider setting is as below - # The default provider configuration provider "aws" { region = "us-east-1" }